List of government space agencies
(Redirected from Space agency)
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Government space agencies, established by governments of countries and regional agencies (groupings of countries) are established as a means for advocating for engaging in activities related to outer space, exploitation of space systems, and/or space exploration. The listings summarize all countries' and regional authorities' space agencies with a comparative summary of demonstrated capabilities.
Government space agency organizations are established with objectives that include national prestige, exploitation of remote sensing information, communications, education, and economic development. These agencies tend to be civil in nature (vs military) and serve to advance the benefits of exploitation and/or exploration of space. Government agencies span the spectrum from old organizations with small budgets to mature national or regional enterprises such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States, the European Space Agency (ESA) which coordinates for more than 20 constituent countries, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities (Roscosmos) of Russia, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and the China National Space Agency (CNSA).
The space agency listings are segregated to enable identification of subsets of the complete list that have advanced to higher levels or technical or programmatic proficiency in accordance with the following:
- Establishment of agency, initial exploitation of space-based systems
- Development of launch capability
- Capacity for extraterrestrial exploration
- Demonstration of human spaceflight capability across one or more of these domains
Overview
[edit]As of 2024,[update] nearly 80 different government space agencies are in existence, including more than 70 national space agencies and several international agencies.
Launch capability
[edit]This group of agencies have developed or are developing launch infrastructure including space launch sites, suborbital launch technology, orbital launch systems, and reusable hardware technologies.
Extraterrestrial exploration capability
[edit]This group of agencies have developed advanced technological capabilities required for travel and study of other heavenly bodies within the Solar System. These involve the capacity to leave the local area around the planet Earth for lunar and/or missions to other bodies in the Solar System.
Without launch capabilities
[edit]This category is formed by agencies that operate and construct satellites in extraterrestrial environments, but do not have the capability to transport those satellites to the desired orbit/trajectory/landing spot. As far as we know as of the 10th May 2024, five space agencies have achieved the requirements to be listed here:
| Country | Space agency | Demonstrated capability | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Acronym | Founded | Operates extraterrestrial orbiter | Controlled surface impact | Uncrewed soft landing | Uncrewed rover operation | Sample return | |
 Luxembourg
|
LuxSpace | No acronym | Nov 2004 |  (Manfred Memorial Moon Mission, flyby only) |
 |
|
|
|
 Italy
|
Italian Space Agency | ITA/ASI | 1 Jan 1988 | (ArgoMoon) |
|
|
|
|
 South Korea
|
Korea Aerospace Research Institute | KARI | 10 Oct 1989 | (Danuri) |
|
|
|
|
 UAE
|
United Arab Emirates Space Agency | UAESA | Aug 2014 [clarification needed] | (Emirates Mars Mission) |
|
|
|
|
 Pakistan
|
Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission | SUPARCO | 1961 [clarification needed] | (ICUBE-Q) |
|
|
|
|
- Failed projects like "Colmena" of the MSA/AEM (Mexican Space Agency/Agencia Espacial Mejicana) are not included in this list.
- ISA (Israel Space Agency) does have launch vehicles (Shavit 2) but not powerful enough to reach further than Earth orbit.
- This list doesn't include the previous space agencies.
Human spaceflight capability
[edit]This small group of countries/space agencies have demonstrated the highest technological capacity with systems and solutions that support human spaceflight along with the ancillary technological capabilities to support human activity in orbit and/or on extraterrestrial bodies.
| Country | Space agency | Demonstrated capability | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Acronym | Founded | Crewed space launch | EVA | Rendezvous and docking | Space station | Crewed circumlunar flight | Crewed Moon landing | |
 China
|
China National Space Administration | CNSA | 22 Apr 1993 | (Shenzhou 5) |
(Shenzhou 7) |
(Shenzhou 8 to Tiangong-1) |
(Tiangong-1) |
|
|
 India
|
Indian Space Research Organisation | ISRO इसरो |
1962 (INCOSPAR) 15th Aug 1969 (ISRO) |
|
|
(SDX01 to SDX02 — as part of SpaDeX) |
|
|
|
 Russia
|
Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities | Roscosmos Роскосмос |
25 Feb 1992 | (Soyuz TM-14) |
(Mir, Aleksandr Volkov and Sergei Krikalev) |
(Soyuz TM-14 to ISS) |
(Mir) |
|
|
 Soviet Union
|
Soviet space program | СССР Космическая программа |
1955 disbanded 25 Dec 1991 |
(Vostok 1) |
(Voskhod 2, Alexei Leonov) |
(Soyuz 4 to Soyuz 5) |
(Salyut 1) |
|
|
 United States
|
National Aeronautics and Space Administration[102] | NASA | 29 Jul 1958 | (Mercury-Redstone 3) |
(Gemini 4, Ed White) |
(Gemini 8 to GATV) |
(Skylab) |
(Apollo 8) |
(Apollo 11) |
Budgets
[edit]The annual budgets listed are the official budgets of national space agencies available in public domain.[122][123] For European contributors to ESA, the national budgets shown include also their contributions to ESA.
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See also
[edit]
- Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
- Lists of astronomical objects
- SEDS
- Lists of spacecraft
- Lists of astronauts
- Lists of space scientists
Notes
[edit]References
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- ^ "Malaysian National Space Agency, Official Website – Background". Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2008.
- ^ Lanzamiento de primer nanosatélite en Hidalgo, "Nanoconect 1", muestra de la innovación del fondo. (in Spanish). AEM. Published 11 December 2017.
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- ^ "Mongolia: National Remots Sensing Center (NRSC)". Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
- ^ "Royal Center for Remote Sensing". crts.gov.ma.
- ^ "SRON".
- ^ "NASRDA".
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- ^ Parrocha, Azer (13 August 2019). "Duterte signs law creating Philippine Space Agency". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
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- ^ "PH's Maya-2 launched into space: DOST". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
The (satellite) program (of the DOST) will now transition into the leadership of the newly established Philippine Space Agency, he added.
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- ^ "Portugal Space Agency". 2019. p. 1. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ "Portugal Just Launched a National Space Agency!". Space.com. 2019. p. 1. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ "Romanian Space Agency". Retrieved 18 February 2023.
- ^ "Rwanda Space Agency". Retrieved 7 June 2022.
- ^ "SSA". Archived from the original on 25 June 2021.
- ^ "CRISP".
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- ^ "El astronauta español de la ESA vuelve al espacio". www.esa.int.
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- ^ Previously named National Space Program Organisation, until 1 April 2005 – "About NSPO/Heritage". Archived from the original on 10 August 2007. Retrieved 1 April 2009.
- ^ "Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency – About Us". Archived from the original on 18 October 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
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- ^ "Turkey launches national space program". Hürriyet Daily News. 13 December 2018.
- ^ "Can Turkey's new space agency curb brain drain?". Ahval. 5 February 2019. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
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- ^ "United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA)". Retrieved 7 March 2008.
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External links
[edit]- Space Law Blog
- Space Agencies Worldwide by UN HDI
- World map showing location of all these space agencies
- Worldwide Space Agencies by UNOOSA
- List of space agencies in Africa
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